PPL Lab Manual


c

  1. Write a C program to read an integer array and display the maximum element.

#include<stdio.h>
int main(){
  int a[50],size,i,big;
  printf("\nEnter the size of the array: ");
  scanf("%d",&size);
  printf("\nEnter %d elements in to the array: ”, size);
  for(i=0;i<size;i++)
      scanf("%d",&a[i]);
printf(“The elements are”);
for(i=0;i<size;i++)
printf("%d",a[i]);

  big=a[0];
  for(i=1;i<size;i++){
      if(big<a[i])
            big=a[i];
  }
  printf("\nBiggest: %d",big);
  return 0;
}

Output:
Enter the size of the array: 5
Enter elements in to the array:3 4 9 6 7
The elements are 3 4 9 6 7
Biggest:9

  1. Write a C program to reverse the content of an array data structure.

Algorithm:
Start
1)Initialize start and end indexes.
start = 0, end = n-1
2) In a loop, swap arr[start] with arr[end] and change start and end as follows.
start = start +1; end = end – 1
Stop

Program:

#include<stdio.h>

void rvereseArray(int arr[], int start, int end)
{
   int temp;
   while(start < end)
   {
     temp = arr[start];  
     arr[start] = arr[end];
     arr[end] = temp;
     start++;
     end--;
 }  
}    
void printArray(int arr[], int size)
{
   int i;
   for (i=0; i < size; i++)
     printf("%d ", arr[i]);

   printf("\n");
}
int main()
{
  int arr[] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6};
   printArray(arr, 6);
   rvereseArray(arr, 0, 5);
   printf("Reversed array is \n");
   printArray(arr, 6);
   getchar();
   return 0;
}

Output: 6 5 4 3 2 1

  1. Write a C program to demonstrate the use of structure.
ALGORITHM:
Step1: Start the program
Step2: Declare the Structure
Step3: Declare the variable and initialize
Step4: Display
Step5: Stop the program


PROGRAM:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>

struct student
{
int id;
char name[20];
float percentage;
};

int main()
{
struct student record = {0}; //Initializing to null

record.id=1;
strcpy(record.name, "Raju");
record.percentage = 86.5;

printf(" Id is: %d \n", record.id);
printf(" Name is: %s \n", record.name);
printf(" Percentage is: %f \n", record.percentage);
return 0;
}


Output:
Id is:1
Name is: Raju
Percentage: 86.5
  1. Write a program in C to demonstrate the difference between call-by-value and call-by-reference.

Call by value

#include

void main()
{
void swap(int,int);
int a,b,r;
clrscr();
printf("enter value for a&b: ");
scanf("%d%d",&a,&b);
swap(a,b);
getch();
}
void swap(int a,int b)
{
int temp;
temp=a;
a=b;
b=temp;
printf("after swapping the value for a & b is : %d %d",a,b);
}

Output:
enter value for a&b: 12 55
after swapping the value for a & b is :55 12





Call by reference



#include <stdio.h>

void swap(int*, int*);

int main()
{
int x, y;

printf("Enter the value of x and y\n");
scanf("%d%d",&x,&y);
 
printf("Before Swapping\nx = %d\ny = %d\n", x, y);

swap(&x, &y);

printf("After Swapping\nx = %d\ny = %d\n", x, y);
 
return 0;
}

void swap(int *a, int *b)
{
int temp;

temp = *b;
*b = *a;
*a = temp;
}

Output:
enter value for a&b: 4 8
after swapping the value for a & b is :8

…………………………………………………

C++

  1. Write a C++ program to illustrate the use of function overloading

ALGORITHM:

STEP 1:  Start the program.
STEP 2:  Declare the class name as fn with data members and member functions.
STEP 3:  Read the choice from the user.
STEP 4:  Choice=1 then go to the step 5.
STEP 5:  The function area() to find area of circle with one integer argument.
STEP 6:  Choice=2 then go to the step 7.
STEP 7:  The function area() to find area of rectangle with two integer argument.
STEP 8:  Choice=3 then go to the step 9.
STEP 9:  The function area() to find area of triangle with three arguments, two as Integer and one as float.
STEP 10: Choice=4 then stop the program.

PROGRAM:

#include<iostream.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<conio.h>
#define pi 3.14
class fn
{
      public:
        void area(int); //circle
        void area(int,int); //rectangle
        void area(float ,int,int);  //triangle
};

void fn::area(int a)
{
      cout<<"Area of Circle:"<<pi*a*a;
}
void fn::area(int a,int b)
{
      cout<<"Area of rectangle:"<<a*b;
}
void fn::area(float t,int a,int b)
{
      cout<<"Area of triangle:"<<t*a*b;
}

void main()
{
     int ch;
     int a,b,r;
     clrscr();
     fn obj;
     cout<<"\n\t\tFunction Overloading";
     cout<<"\n1.Area of Circle\n2.Area of Rectangle\n3.Area of Triangle\n4.Exit\n:”;
     cout<<”Enter your Choice:";
     cin>>ch;

     switch(ch)
     {
              case 1:
                cout<<"Enter Radious of the Circle:";
                cin>>r;
                obj.area(r);
                break;
              case 2:
                cout<<"Enter Sides of the Rectangle:";
                cin>>a>>b;
                obj.area(a,b);
                break;
              case 3:
                cout<<"Enter Sides of the Triangle:";
                cin>>a>>b;
                obj.area(0.5,a,b);
                break;
              case 4:
                exit(0);
     }
getch();
}


Output:

 Function Overloading
              1. Area of Circle
              2. Area of Rectangle
              3. Area of Triangle
              4. Exit
              Enter Your Choice: 2

              Enter the Sides of the Rectangle: 5 5
             
              Area of Rectangle is: 25

              1. Area of Circle
              2. Area of Rectangle
              3. Area of Triangle
              4. Exit
              Enter Your Choice: 4

  1. Write a C++ program to illustrate the use of operator Overloading

ALGORITHM:

Step 1: Start the program.
Step 2: Declare the class.
Step 3: Declare the variables and its member function.
Step 4: Using the function getvalue() to get the two numbers.
Step 5: Define the function operator +() to add two complex numbers.
Step 6: Define the function operator –()to subtract two complex numbers.
Step 7: Define the display function.
Step 8: Declare the class objects obj1,obj2 and result.
Step 9: Call the function getvalue using obj1 and obj2
Step 10: Calculate the value for the object result by calling the function operator + and     operator -.
Step 11: Call the display function using obj1 and obj2 and result.
Step 12: Return the values.
Step 13: Stop the program.

PROGRAM:

#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>

class complex
{
              int a,b;
    public:
              void getvalue()
              {
                 cout<<"Enter the value of Complex Numbers a,b:";
                 cin>>a>>b;
              }
              complex operator+(complex ob)
              {
                            complex t;
                            t.a=a+ob.a;
                            t.b=b+ob.b;
                            return(t);
              }
              complex operator-(complex ob)
              {
                            complex t;
                            t.a=a-ob.a;
                            t.b=b-ob.b;
                            return(t);
              }
              void display()
              {
                            cout<<a<<"+"<<b<<"i"<<"\n";
              }
};

void main()
{
    clrscr();
   complex obj1,obj2,result,result1;

   obj1.getvalue();
   obj2.getvalue();

   result = obj1+obj2;
   result1=obj1-obj2;

   cout<<"Input Values:\n";
   obj1.display();
   obj2.display();
  
   cout<<"Result:";
   result.display();
   result1.display();
  
   getch();
}

Output:

Enter the value of Complex Numbers a, b
4                  5
Enter the value of Complex Numbers a, b
2                  2
Input Values
4 + 5i
2 + 2i
Result
6 +   7i
2 +   3i



  1. Write a C++ program to illustrate the use inline function

ALGORITHM:

Step 1: Start the pogram.
Step 2: Declare the class.
Step 3: Declare and define the inline function for multiplication and cube.
Step 4: Declare the class object and variables.
Step 5: Read two values.
Step 6: Call the multiplication and cubic functions using class objects.
Step 7: Return the values.
Step 8: Display.
Step 9: Stop the program.

PROGRAM:

#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>

class line
{
   public:
              inline float mul(float x,float y)
              {
                            return(x*y);
              }
              inline float cube(float x)
              {
                            return(x*x*x);
              }
};

void main()
{
              line obj;
              float val1,val2;
              clrscr();
              cout<<"Enter two values:";
              cin>>val1>>val2;
              cout<<"\nMultiplication value is:"<<obj.mul(val1,val2);
              cout<<"\n\nCube value is          :"<<obj.cube(val1)<<"\t"<<obj.cube(val2);
              getch();
}

Output:

              Enter two values: 5  7
              Multiplication Value is: 35
              Cube Value is: 25 and 343

8. Write a C++ program to illustrate the use of virtual base class.

ALGORITHM:

Step 1: Start the program.
Step 2: Declare the base class student.
Step 3: Declare and define the functions getnumber() and putnumber().
Step 4: Create the derived class test virtually derived from the base class student.
Step 5: Declare and define the function getmarks() and putmarks().
Step 6: Create the derived class sports virtually derived from the base class student.          
Step 7: Declare and define the function getscore() and putscore().
Step 8: Create the derived class result derived from the class test and sports.
Step 9: Declare and define the function display() to calculate the total.
Step 10: Create the derived class object obj.
Step 11: Call the function get number(),getmarks(),getscore() and display().
Step 12: Stop the program.




PROGRAM:

#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
 
class student
{
   int rno;
  public:
   void getnumber()
   {
              cout<<"Enter Roll No:";
              cin>>rno;
   }
   void putnumber()
   {
              cout<<"\n\n\tRoll No:"<<rno<<"\n";
   }
};
 
class test:virtual public student
{
  
  public:
   int part1,part2;
   void getmarks()
   {
              cout<<"Enter Marks\n";
              cout<<"Part1:";
              cin>>part1;
              cout<<"Part2:";
              cin>>part2;
   }
   void putmarks()
   {
              cout<<"\tMarks Obtained\n";
              cout<<"\n\tPart1:"<<part1;
              cout<<"\n\tPart2:"<<part2;
   }
};

class sports:public virtual student
{
 
  public:
    int score;
    void getscore()
    {
              cout<<"Enter Sports Score:";
              cin>>score;
    }
    void putscore()
    {
              cout<<"\n\tSports Score is:"<<score;
    }
};

class result:public test,public sports
{
    int total;
  public:
   void display()
   {
      total=part1+part2+score;
      putnumber();
      putmarks();
      putscore();
      cout<<"\n\tTotal Score:"<<total;
   }
};
 
void main()
{
   result obj;
   clrscr();
   obj.getnumber();
   obj.getmarks();
   obj.getscore();
   obj.display();
   getch();
}

Output:

              Enter Roll No: 200
 
              Enter Marks
 
              Part1: 90
              Part2: 80
              Enter Sports Score: 80


              Roll No: 200
              Marks Obtained
              Part1: 90
              Part2: 80
              Sports Score is: 80
              Total Score is: 250
9. Write a C++ program to illustrate the use of single inheritance (Public/Private)

Algorithm:

Step 1: Start the program.
Step 2: Declare the base class emp.
Step 3: Define and declare the function get() to get the employee details.
Step 4: Declare the derived class salary.
Step 5: Declare and define the function get1() to get the salary details.
Step 6: Define the function calculate() to find the net pay.
Step 7: Define the function display().
Step 8: Create the derived class object.
Step 9: Read the number of employees.
Step 10: Call the function get(),get1() and calculate() to each employees.
Step 11: Call the display().
Step 12: Stop the program


Program:

#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>

class emp
{
   public:
     int eno;
     char name[20],des[20];
     void get()
     {
              cout<<"Enter the employee number:";
              cin>>eno;
              cout<<"Enter the employee name:";
              cin>>name;
              cout<<"Enter the designation:";
              cin>>des;
      }
};

class salary:public emp
{
     float bp,hra,da,pf,np;
    public:
     void get1()
     {             
              cout<<"Enter the basic pay:";
              cin>>bp;
              cout<<"Enter the Humen Resource Allowance:";
              cin>>hra;
              cout<<"Enter the Dearness Allowance :";
              cin>>da;
              cout<<"Enter the Profitablity Fund:";
              cin>>pf;
     }
     void calculate()
     {
              np=bp+hra+da-pf;
     }
     void display()
     {
              cout<<eno<<"\t"<<name<<"\t"<<des<<"\t"<<bp<<"\t"<<hra<<"\t"<<da<<"\t"<<pf<<"\t"<<np<<"\n";
     }
};

void main()
{
    int i,n;
    char ch;
    salary s[10];
    clrscr();
    cout<<"Enter the number of employee:";
    cin>>n;
    for(i=0;i<n;i++)
    {
              s[i].get();
              s[i].get1();
              s[i].calculate();
    }
    cout<<"\ne_no \t e_name\t des \t bp \t hra \t da \t pf \t np \n";
    for(i=0;i<n;i++)
    {
              s[i].display();
    }
    getch();
}

Output:

Enter the Number of employee:1
Enter the employee No: 150
Enter the employee Name: ram
Enter the designation: Manager
Enter the basic pay: 5000
Enter the HR allowance: 1000
Enter the Dearness allowance: 500
Enter the profitability Fund: 300

E.No   E.name   des      BP    HRA   DA   PF     NP
150    ram      Manager  5000  1000  500  300    6200


10. Write a C++ program to illustrate the use of file open() and close() operation.

ALGORITHM:

STEP 1:  Start the program.
STEP 2:  Declare the variables.
STEP 3:  Read  the file name.
STEP 4:  open the file to write the contents.
STEP 5:  writing the file contents up to reach a particular condition.
STEP 6:  Stop the program.

PROGRAM: 

#include<iostream.h>
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<fstream.h>
void main()
{
              char c,fname[10];
              ofstream out;
              cout<<"Enter File name:";
              cin>>fname;
              out.open(fname);
              cout<<"Enter contents to store in file (Enter # at end):\n";
              while((c=getchar())!='#')
              {
                            out<<c;
              }
              out.close();
              getch();
}

Output:

              Enter File name: one.txt
              Enter contents to store in file (enter # at end)
 
              Master of Computer Applications#







11. Write a C++ program to illustrate the use of Class template

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
template <typename T>
class Number {
private:
T value;
public:
Number(T value) { this->value = value; };
T getValue() { return value; }
void setValue(T value) { this->value = value; };
};
int main() {
Number<int> i(55);
cout << i.getValue() << endl;
Number<double> d(55.66);
cout << d.getValue() << endl;
Number<char> c('a');
cout << c.getValue() << endl;
Number<string> s("Hello");
cout << s.getValue() << endl;
}


12. Write a C++ program to illustrate the use of function template.

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
template <typename T>
void mySwap(T &a, T &b);
// Swap two variables of generic type passed-by-reference
// There is a version of swap() in <iostream>
int main() {
int i1 = 1, i2 = 2;
mySwap(i1, i2); // Compiler generates mySwap(int &, int &)
cout << "i1 is " << i1 << ", i2 is " << i2 << endl;
char c1 = 'a', c2 = 'b';
mySwap(c1, c2); // Compiler generates mySwap(char &, char &)
cout << "c1 is " << c1 << ", c2 is " << c2 << endl;
double d1 = 1.1, d2 = 2.2;
mySwap(d1, d2); // Compiler generates mySwap(double &, double &)
cout << "d1 is " << d1 << ", d2 is " << d2 << endl;
// mySwap(i1, d1);
// error: no matching function for call to 'mySwap(int&, double&)'
// note: candidate is:
// note: template<class T> void mySwap(T&, T&)
}
template <typename T>
void mySwap(T &a, T &b) {
T temp;
temp = a;
a = b;
b = temp;
}
……………………………………………………………

JAVA


13.Write a Java Program to add two numbers and display the result

Program:

import java.util.Scanner;
 
class AddNumbers
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
int x, y, z;
System.out.println("Enter two integers to calculate their sum ");
Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);
x = in.nextInt();
y = in.nextInt();
z = x + y;
System.out.println("Sum of entered integers = "+z);
}


14. Write a Java program to reverse a number.

Program:

import java.util.Scanner;
public class ReverseNumberExample {

    public static void main(String args[]) {

        System.out.println("Please enter number to be reversed using Java program: ");
        int number = new Scanner(System.in).nextInt();
     
        int reverse = reverse(number);
        System.out.println("Reverse of number: " + number + " is " + reverse(number));  
   
    }

public static int reverse(int number){
        int reverse = 0;
        int remainder = 0;
        do{
            remainder = number%10;
            reverse = reverse*10 + remainder;
            number = number/10;
         
        }while(number > 0);
     
        return reverse;
    }


}
Output:

Please enter number to be reversed using Java program:
1234
Reverse of number: 1234 is 4321


  1. Write a Java program to find out the factorial of a number.


Program:

import java.util.Scanner;
 
class Factorial
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
int n, c, fact = 1;
 
System.out.println("Enter an integer to calculate it's factorial");
Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);
 
n = in.nextInt();
 
if ( n < 0 )
System.out.println("Number should be non-negative.");
else
{
for ( c = 1 ; c <= n ; c++ )
fact = fact*c;
 
System.out.println("Factorial of "+n+" is = "+fact);
}
}
}

Output:

Enter an integer to calculate it’s factorial 6
Factorial of 6 is = 720

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