All
India Committee on Jail Reforms
1980-83
SUMMARY
OF RECOMMENDATIONSREALITIES IN INDIAN PRISONS
1.For
making the present prison system conductive to the achievement of
desiredobjectives, certain basic pre-requisites should be ensured
which would constitute thefoundations on which the Indian prison
system can be restructured.
LEGISLATION
2.
Directive Principle on National Policy on Prisons should be
formulated andembodied in Part IV of the Constitution.
3.
The Subject of prisons and allied institutions should be included in
the ConcurrentList of the Seventh Schedule of the Constitution of
India.
4.
All the Acts pertaining to prison administration should be
consolidated in auniform and comprehensive legislation enacted by the
Parliament for the entirecountry.
5.
In case the subject of prisons and allied institutions is not brought
under theConcurrent List, the Government of India should prepare a
model Bill for beingadopted by all the States and Union Territories.
6.
Immediate steps should be taken by the State Government /Union
TerritoryAdministrations to frame rules under thee prison statute.
7.
Revisions of jail manuals of the States and Union Territories should
be given toppriority.
8.
Standing executive instructions issued for meeting certain situations
on for efficient running of prison administration should be
separately bound as referencematerial for the prison personnel.
9.
Operations manuals on various subjects of prison management should
beprepared and made available o the staff for guidance.
10.
A separate legislation for young offenders should be passed to
replace thepresent Borstal School Acts.
11.
Civil prisoners should not be detained jails meant for convicted and
criminalprisoners.
12.
The Union and State Governments should conduct a qualitative and
quantitativeanalysis of legislation, etc., to examine possibilities
of delegalising certain areas of human and social behaviour and take
necessary action in this regard.
13.
Serious thought should be given to policies of decriminalisation,
depenalisationand deinstitutionalisation at the legislative level.
14.
In the preamble of the Indian Penal Code specific mention should be
madeabout protection of society through the reformation and
rehabilitation of offenders asobjective of punishment.
15.
The Indian Penal Code should be suitably in the light of the
contemporaryideology of reformation and rehabilitation of offenders,
e.g., it may providealternatives to prison sentences and eliminate
distinction between simple andrigorous imprisonment.
16.
(a) Section 302 of the Indian Penal Code should be suitably amended
so that (i)it is only in cases of murder with aggravating
circumstances that death is prescribedas one of the punishment; and
(ii) in other cases of murder, courts are givendiscretion to impose
imprisonment for life or imprisonment for a lesser term.(b)
Imprisonment for life should be imprisonment for a fixed term
extending over a reasonable period of time which may be determined by
the legislature andincorporated in the Indian Penal Code.
17.
Section 302 of the Indian Penal Code should be deleted and its
provisionbrought suitably under the proposed section 302 of the
Indian Penal Code.
18.
Undertrial prisoners continue to be detained in prisons for long
periods. A reviewon an all India basis should be undertaken to find
out whether the provisions of theCode of Criminal Procedure in this
regard have been fully implemented.
19.
The Code of Criminal Procedure should be so amended as to provide
that assoon as an under trial prisoner completes period of detention
equal to half of themaximum sentence award able to him on conviction,
he is released immediately andunconditionally.
20.
Section 433 A of the Code of Criminal Procedure should be suitably
amended sothat such lifers as offer good prognosis for reformation
and rehabilitation cangenerally be released after 8 to 10 years of
actual imprisonment.
21.
Preventive sections of the Code of Criminal Procedure, specially
section 109,should be reviewed and amended suitably to restrict then
use only in very genuinecases.
22.
Section 423 of the Code of Criminal Procedure should be suitably
amended sothat the period spent by an undertrial in detention during
investigation, inquiry or trialcould be as sentence served in case he
I sentenced to life imprisonment.
23.
The Code of Criminal Procedure should be amended so as to
provideforinvestigation in case of all offenders liable to be
sentenced to life imprisonment.
24.
The probation of Offenders Act, 1958 should be fully implemented in
everydistrict of each State and Union Territory.
25.
Non-criminal inmates should not be detained in prisons. The mental
Health Billshould be passed expeditiously.
26.
Children Act should be enacted and implemented in every district and
State/Union Territory.
27.
Disposal of mercy petitions should be expeditiously done and in no
case shouldit take more than six months.28. Habitual Offenders Act
should be amended in the light of the provisions of Chapter XLIII of
the Model Prison Manual.
PRISON
BUILDINGS
29.
The State Governments and Union Territory Administrations should
undertakean in depth survey, to be completed within a year of prison
buildings with regard tominimum need essential to maintain standard
comfort.
30.
The work plan which may be prepared as a result of the survey should
beexecuted within 2 years.
31.
Old prison buildings which have outlived their utility should be
demolished. EachState Union Territory should prepare a comprehensive
plan for re-modeling andrepairing other existing prison buildings so
as to make them functional. Funds for the projects should be made
available by the Central Governments.
32.
The State Governments and Union Territory Administrations should draw
withinone year a Master Plan for the construction of prison buildings
on the principles laiddown.
33.
The estimated financial outlay on new buildings would be about Rs.
376 crores.This amount should be made available by the Central
Government.
34.
The National Commission on Prisons, the National Buildings
Organisation andthe national Institute of Social Defence should
coordinate to evolve standards andnorms for buildings of different
categories of prisons. The National Commission onPrisons should
monitor the observance of thee standards and norms.
35.
A special cell with necessary staff and expertise from Prison
Department shouldbe established at the National Buildings
Organisation to design model plans of buildings o different
categories of prisons.
36.
There should be four type of living accommodation.
(a)
Barracks with accommodation for twenty inmates;
(b)
Dormitory accommodation, each dormitory providing accommodation for
four tosix prisoners;
(c)
Single seated rooms for the prisoners needing privacy for pursuing
studies,etc.;
(d)
Cells for segregation of inmates from the point of view of security
andpunishment.
37.
Cells should be fitted with latrines and existing cells should not be
used until thisfacility is provided in them.
38.
There should be a separate kitchen for 200 inmates.
39.
Each prison should have independent arrangement for water supply for
theinmates in the form of tube-wells or hand pumps.
40.
Annual repairs/renovation of prison buildings should be done by the
prisondepartment for which adequate funds should be placed at its
disposal.
41.
New works costing up to Rs. 2 lakhs should be executed by the
prisondepartment.
42.
A special cell under a Superintending Engineer should be set up at
the prisonhead quarters of each state.
43.
All constructions in prison department should adhere to ISI
standards.
44.
New prison buildings should be constructed close to cities but away
fromcrowded areas.
45.
No building other than prison building should be constructed within
100 meters of the prison campus.
46.
Old prison buildings surrounded by crowded localities should be
remodeled tohouse undertrial prisoners.
47.
All additional institutions to accommodate any future increase in
convictpopulation should be of open or semi-open type.
48.
Housing for prison staff should be developed on modern lines with
adequatecommunity facilities.
LIVING
CONDITIONS IN PRISONS
Diet
49.
The system of purchasing food articles through contract system should
bediscontinued. Food articles should be purchased from Government
distributionagencies or cooperative societies. Fuel should be
purchased from the forestdepartment.
50.
Food articles should be o goo medium quality. The system of
purchasing cerealspulses of the cheapest rate wherever in vogue
should be discontinued.
51.
There should be two types of diet, one for the labouring and the
other for non-labouring prisoners.
52.
Adequate and nutritious diet should be given to nursing women and to
childrenaccompanying women prisoners.
53.
Norms of prison diet should be laid down in terms of calorific and
nutritionalvalue, quality and quantity. Adequate checks should be
provide to ensure thatprisoner get diet as per rules.
54.
Cooking and serving utensils should be made of appropriate metals.
55.
Management of kitchens or cooking of food on caste or religious basis
should betotally banned in prisons.
56.
Prisoners should get special diet on religious festivals and national
days as maybe specified in rules.
57.
Each kitchen should for not more than 200 prisoners.
58.
There should be two shifts of workers in the kitchen. Paid cooks
should beemployed wherever needed.
59.
Prison kitchens should be modernised in terms of substitutes of
fuel.
60.
To break the monotony of prison diet menus should be prepared in
advanceunder the guidance of nutrition experts.
61.
Prisoners Panchayats, under proper supervision of prison staff should
beassociated with preparation and distribution of food, etc.
62.
Some prison officials should be given special training in dietary
andmanagement of kitchens and uh officials should be put in charge of
supervising kitchens.
63.
Prison officers should supervise every aspect of the prison diet
system.
64.Medical
officer should ensure that food in cooked under hygienic conditions
andis nutritious.
65.
Prisoners should be given such food as is normally eaten by people in
theregion.
66.
Clean drinking water should be supplied to prisoners and it should be
testedperiodically.
67.
Prisoners should be served food in clean, hygienic and covered
places.
68.
Normally the time for serving evening meals should be 7.30P.M. For
thispurpose the time of lock-up should be shifted further by 2 to 3
hours.
69.
Bartering of food articles should be totally banned.
70.
Prisoners should not be allowed to have their own mini kitchens
inside the prisonbarrack.
Sanitation
and hygienic
71.
Open spaces and roads inside the main wall of the prison should be
asphaltedleaving enough space for flower beds.
72.
Open gutters and sewers should be covered. Wherever possible prisons
shouldbe connected to the public drainage and sewer systems.
73.
The ratio of latrine to prisoners should be 1:6
74.
The system of open basket-type latrine should be discontinued. The
system of carrying night soil as headloads should be stopped
forthwith.
75.
Flush septic latrines should be provided in every barrack and cell.
76.
Adequate number of separate urinals should be provided.
77.
Every prison should have arrangements for storing enough water for at
least aweek.
78.
Every prison should provide cubicles for bathing at the rate of 1 for
10 prisoners, with proper arrangements to ensure privacy.
79.
Separate platforms for washing clothes should be constructed.
80.
Properly equipped laundries for washing, disinfection and fumigation
of clothingand bedding should be set up at each central and district
prison.
81.
Medical officer of the prison must look after all aspects of prison
sanitation andhygienic.
82.
Every prison should be got thoroughly inspected by the local public
health officer periodically.
Clothing,
bedding and equipment
83.
Clothing supplied to prisoners should be proper and adequate.
84.
Children allowed to stay with woman prisoners should be given
suitable clothingsimilar to that normally used by children in the
free community.
85.
The period of life each articles of clothing should be fixed in
accordance with thetype of cloth used and the wear and tear
involved.
86.
Every prison should maintain a repair unit where prisoners clothing
can berepaired.
87.
Prisoner clothing, bedding and other equipment should be washed,
sterilizeddisinfected or fumigated regularly.
88.
Bedding and other articles issued to prisoners should be adequate.
89.
Prisoners should be allowed to purchase footwear at their own cost
from prisoncanteens.
90.
Each housing unit should have certain minimum facilities.
91.
All articles of prisoners bedding, clothing and other equipment
should beinspected by the superintendent at least once in a week to
ensure that proper standards are maintained.
Letters
92.
Each prison should have a section under the control and supervision
of anexperienced assistant superintendent to deal with all matters
pertaining to the mail of inmates.
93.
On initial admission or on admission on transfer from another prison
a printedcard should be sent to the family of the prisoners
containing detailed informationabout him.
94,
Whenever a prisoner is transferred from a prison, intimation of such
transfer should be sent to the family of the prisoners.
95.
Spouse/family members or close relative of a prisoner should be
telegraphicallyinformed about prisoners serious illness and removal
to a hospital for medicaltreatment or for treatment of mental
illness.
96.
On admission each prisoner should be asked to give a list of persons
with whomhe wants to correspond.
97.
There should be no limit on incoming letters for prisoners.
98.
There should be no restriction on the number of letters prisoners may
send attheir own cost. However, at government cost an undertrial
should be allowed to writetwo letters per week whereas a convict
should be allowed to write one letter per week.98. Illiterate or
semi-literate prisoners should be provided help in writing letters.
99.
Guidelines for censorship of letters should be formulated so that
censorship of letters is done on the basis of human considerations.
100.
The scale of interview for convicted and undertrial prisoners should
beliberalized.
101.
Facilities for interviews of prisoners should be humanized and
conditionsprocedure governing grant of interviews rationalized.
102.
A senior officer in charge of interviews should be responsible for
grant of interviews as per rules.
103.Canteens
should be organized in all the central and district prisons.
104.
Canteen facilities should be extended to all prisoners.
105.
Canteens should be run on the basis of marginal profit.
106.
Each prisoner should have a canteen card in which the canteen credits
anddebits should be recorded.
107.
Prisoners should be allowed to spend not more than half of the wages
earnedin prisons on purchases from canteens. In addition, prisoners
should be allowed tospend upto Rs. 30 per month from their private
cash for purchasing articles from thecanteen.
108.
Canteen accounts should be got audited every month.
109.
Prisoners, panchayats should be associated with management of
canteens.Facilities
110.
Certain other basis facilities should be provided to prisoners.
111.
there should be a Board of visitors in each State and Union
territory...
112.
113.
114.
A Board of visitors should be constituted for each central prison,
district prisonand sub-jail.
115.
The functions of the Board of Visitors should be clearly laid down.
116.
The Board of Visitors for an institution should visit such
institution at least oncein a month.
117.
A copy of remarks entered in the Visitors Book by the Chairman or by
anymember of the Board should be forwarded by the Superintendent to
the Inspector General of Prisons along with his comments for
necessary action.
118.
It should be the duty of the Deputy Inspector General of Prisons and
theInspector General of Prisons to meet the Board of Visitors
whenever they visit theprison.
119.
It should be obligatory on the part of both official and non-official
visitors to payvisits to prison as per the schedule fixed by the
Chairman of the Board.
120.
Classification of prisoners A,B,C, or I, II, III classes on the basis
of their social, eco-nomic and educational backgrounds should be
abolished.
CHAPTER
VIIMEDICAL AND PSYCHIATRIC SERVICES
121.
(a) Medical officers should be deputed from the State Medical Service
toprisons.(b)The term of deputation of medical officers to prisons
should be 3 to 5 years.
122.
Immediately before or soon after joining at the prison, the medical
officer shouldbe required to undergo a short-term orientation course.
123.
Every central and district prison should have two or medical
officers. A centralprison with an inmate population of more than one
thousand prisoners should havethree medical officers.
124.
At every prison where there is a sufficiently large number of
womanprisoners (say, 25 or above), a whole-time lady medical officer
should beappointed. Another prison arrangement should be made for
part time lady medicalofficers.
125.
Every central and district prison should have the services of a
qualifiedpsychiatrist who should be assisted by a psychologist and a
psychiatrict socialworker.
126.
The prison hospitals should have full contingent of staff according
to their requirements.
127.
A senior officer of the rank of Joint Deputy Director in the Medical
Departmentshould be deputed at the headquarters of the Department of
Prisons andCorrectional Services.
128.
Medical officers posted at a prison will function under the control
of theInspector General of Prisons and immediately under the
superintendent of theprison. For professional work, they will consult
senior medical officers.
129.
The Inspector General of Prisons and superintendents of prisons
should makethe work of medical officers stimulating by encouraging
and involving them inresearch in collaboration with the Medical and
Public health departments.
130.
Adequate incentives should be provide to medical officers,
psychiatrists and para-medical personnel deputed to prisons.
131.
Medical officers associated with prisons on part-time basis should be
paidproper honorarium or fee.
132.
Duties of medical officers, Psychiatrists and psychiatric social
workersconnected with prisons should be clearly defined.
133.
All central and district prisons should provide hospital
accommodation for 5% of the daily average inmate population.
134.
Buildings, equipment and other facilities for prison hospitals should
conform tocertain norms.
135.Visiting
specialists from local hospitals should be arranged for treatment of
ailments requiring specialised services.
136.
Each State should have a fully equipped prison hospital manned by
specialistsfor the treatment of prisoners requiring specialised
treatment from all over the State.
137.
Non-criminal lunatics should not be kept in or sent to prisons.
138.
Criminal lunatics should be sent to the nearest prison having the
services of apsychiatrist.
139.
All criminal lunatics under observation of a psychiatrist should be
kept in onebarrack.
140.
If a criminal lunatic undergoes trial and is declared guilty but
insane he shouldbe sent to the nearest mental hospital for further
management.
141.
If a criminal lunatic, after standing trial following recovery from
his mentalillness, is declared guilty of the crime he should undergo
his term in the prison butshould be under the care and treatment of
the psychiatrist.
142.
If an undertrial criminal lunatic fails to recover from his mental
illness even after he has completed half of the maximum term
awardable on conviction, his caseshould be submitted to the State
Government for considering the withdrawal of thecriminal case against
him.
143.
If a convict while undergoing his imprisonment becomes mentally ill,
he shouldbe shifted to the psychiatric wing of the prison hospital
and placed under theobservation of the prison psychiatrist.
144.
There should be at least one separate prison hospital with a capacity
for 100 inmates fully equipped for the care and confinement of
criminal lunatics in eachingState.
145.
Sick women prisoners should be treated in a separate enclosure
attachedeither to the hospital section or to women section of the
prison.
146.
Proper medical facilities should be provided in sub-jails.
147.
Proper arrangements should be made for the care and treatment of old,
infirmand debilitated prisoners in a separate ward.
148.
Requirement of drugs for three months should be stocked in the
prisonhospital.
149.
The medical officer in charge of prison hospital should in accordance
withprison rules and in consultation with the superintendent , work
out criteria for theprescription of special medical diet to prisoner
and these criteria and the specialmedical diets prescribed under them
should be reviewed from time to time.
150.
The medical officer will assist the superintendent in an emergency
situation.
CHAPTER
VIII
SECURITY
AND DISCIPLINE
151.
From the point of view of security and discipline, prisons should be
classifiedinto special security prisons, maximum security prisons,
medium security prisonsand minimum security prison---(semi-open
prisons, open prisons and Sanganer typecamps).
152.
Every prison should be provide with adequate custodial staff to
ensure that noone is required to work for more than 8 hours a day,
besides a days rest everyweek.
153.
A time-bound plan for the improvement of old prison buildings with a
view toensuring proper security should be drawn and implemented.
154.
Each jail should be provided with basic requirements of security.
155.
An officer of the rank of deputy superintendent should be appointed
at eachspecial security and maximum security prison for discharging
the duties of a wholetime security officer.
156.
Adequate staff should be posted at jail gates for conducting
searches.
157.
A statutory provision should be made to make it obligatory on the
part of policeto inform the superintendent of the prison about the
antecedents of every dangerousconvict undertrial admitted to the
prison.
158.
Prison staff should be trained in the use of devices for dispersing
mobs in order to minimise use of force.
159.
Jails should be inspected at odd hours by range Deputy Inspectors
General of Prisons to ensure proper observance of security measures.
160.
The institution of convict officers discharging supervisory and
disciplinary dutiesat present should be abolished in a phased
manner.
161.
All well-behaved convicted prisoners in good health who have
completed onemonths confinement and who know counting should, by
rotation, be employed in twohour shift, for counting of prisoners
inside barracks at night.162. Preventive measures for ensuring
security through segregation and impositionof letters should be very
discreetly used. Prisoners should have the right to appeal tothe
Inspector General of Prisons against the restrictions imposed on
them.
163.
The superintendent should have the power to use preventive measures
to theextent prescribed for ensuring security and control.
164.
Any use of preventive measures beyond the prescribed limits should be
subjectto approval of the District Judge or the Chief Judicial
Magistrate having jurisdictionover the the prison.
165.
Fetters and handcuffs should not be imposed undertrial prisoners
except whenthey have a credible tendency to violence or escape.
166.
Provisions regarding segregation and imposition of fetters as
measures for ensuring security contained in the prisons Act, 1864
should be suitably revised.
167.
Contingents of special security guards should be posted at each jail
for .to andfrom hospitals for specialized treatment.
168.
Each district hospital should have a separate prisoners ward with a
room for theguards so that sick prisoners are not made to stay with
other patients in the generalward.
169.
Provisions with regard to security and custody of prisoners contained
inChapter XVI of the Model Prison Manual and these for meeting
emergent situations in prison contained in Chapter LIII of that
Manual should be implemented.
170.
Disciplinary problems in prisons should be tackled with fairness,
politeness andfirmness.
171.
Progressive stage system should be introduced in the jails.
172.
Acts and omissions identified in Chapter XXXI on discipline of the
Model PrisonManual should constitute prison offences.
173.
Some of the existing prison punishments should be abolished and some
newones introduced.
174.
The procedure for dealing with complaints against prisoners should
berationalised.
175.
Newly admitted prisoners should be given a booklet printed in local
languagecontaining information regarding regulations governing
various aspects of prisonlife.
176.
Facilities available to prisoners to file appeal/revision review or
to make other applications in regard their criminal cases should be
improved. Prisoners may alsobe provided free legal aid in such
matters.
177.
The procedure for dealing with genuine complaints and grievances of
inmatesshould be rationalised.
178.
Prison administration should exercise constant vigilance and
alertness to locateareas of discontent among prisoners, which may
lead to mass indiscipline and takequick remedial measures.
179.
Prisoners Panchayats should be involved in matters pertaining to
inmates self management and self-improvement in day-to-day life.
180.
The intelligence branch of the local police should be actively
involved in thedetection and prevention of smuggling of contraband
articles in the prisons. Thevigilance cell in the headquarters
organization of the Department of Prisons shouldalso pay proper
attention to this aspect of prison security and discipline.
SYSTEM
OF CLASSIFICATION
Diversification
of institutions
181.
Diversification of institutions should be evolved for basic
segregation and
treatment of homogeneous groups of prisoners.
182.
Each State, Union Territory should evolve a system of classification
of prisonsaccording to its requirements.
183.
Homogeneous groups of inmates should be kept in appropriate
classifiedinstitutions.
184.
In large States classification of prisons should be done on a
regional basis.
185.
Small States and Union Territory where diversification of
institutions is notfeasible because of a very small number of
prisoners and institutions should utilisethis facility in neighboring
States or apply principles of diversification in
separateyards/enclosures/wings of each institution.
186.
Diversified institutions should be set up by each State/Union
Territory accordingto its requirements.
187.
With the construction of new prison buildings and establishment of
semi-openand open prisons the pressure on existing prisons will be
reduced to a great extent.These institutions can be converted into
medium, maximum and special securityinstitutions for adult offenders
and into Reception Centres and Kishore/Yuva Sadansfor young
offenders.
188.
In every central and district prison a reception Centre should be
established for initial classification of convicted prisoners.
189.
Panels of experts should be appointed by Government of India on a
regionalbasis to assist the States and Union Territories in the
region to prepares a basic planfor setting up a system of classified
institutions.
Classification
of Prisoners
190.
The principles of classification included in the report of the All
India Jail ManualCommittee 1957-59 should be adopted on an all India
basis.
191.
The aims and objectives of classification as laid down in Chapter XIX
of theModel Prison Manual should be kept in view while undertaking
classification of prisoners.
192.
A reception Centre should be set up in every central and district
prison whereprisoners sentenced to more than one year should be
initially classified by aclassification committee consisting of
professional staff.
193.
The principles of keeping prisoners as near his hometown as possible
should be broadly kept in view at the time of classification of
inmates.
194.
Provisions of the Model Prison Manual regarding procedure for
initialclassification, stage of classification and reclassification
procedures decisions of theclassification committee, progress reports
review of progress reclassificationcontents of the inmates case file
should be adopted by each State and UnionTerritory.
195.
Proper forms of history sheet, initial classification sheet and
progress reportshould be adopted.
Typology
of crime
196.
Research should be undertaken to develop a typology of crime in the
context of the current patterns of crime in India.
197.
Newly admitted prisoners should be broadly categorized into
sociallyconditioned criminals and individualized criminals.198. In
each State and Union Territory study groups should be set up for
thepurpose of undertaking studies of various patterns of crime. The
reports of thesestudy groups should be utilized for evolving
classification of prison on scientificbasis.199. The existing legal
provisions in regard to the classification of habitual
offendersshould be suitable amended.
200.
Every prison officer should be given through training in behavioral
science andtechniques o social work.
CHAPTER
X
TREATMENT
PROGRAMMES
201.
Treatment programmes should be properly planned and developed.
Theyshould be regarded as an integral part of prison programmes.
202.
The atmosphere of prisons should be surcharged with positive values
and theinmates should be exposed to wholesome environment with
opportunities to reformthemselves.
203.
Inmate-personnel relationship prisons should be based on mutual trust
and confidence.
204.
Discipline in prisons should be firm and positive so that treatment
programmesmay be carried out uninterruptedly and effectively.
205.
Treatment programmes should be individualized.
206.
Prison staff should promptly attend to the immediate needs of newly
admittedinmates.
207.
Treatment of offenders through diversified work programmes and
vocationaltraining should be the focal point of prison activities.
208.
Each State/ Union Territory should reformulate its prison educational
policy andprogrammes.
209.
Educational programmes in prisons and in Kishore/Yuva Sadans should
beintegrated with the educational system in the States/Union
Territories.
210.
Diversified educational programmes should be organized for different
groups of inmates.
211.
Inmates who have reached a certain stage of education should be
allowed tocontinue their education either as regular students of
schools/colleges or throughcorrespondence courses.
212.
Special attention should be paid to the development of suitable
educationalprogrammes for women prisoners.
213.
The Inspector General of Prisons and Director of Correctional
Services shouldformulate a detailed educational programme for each
institution in consultation withthe State education department.
214.
It should be one of the primary responsibilities of the prison
superintendent andother prison personnel that programme of education
is implemented in its proper spirit.
215.
Programmes of adult education, social education and moral education
shouldalso be organized in subjects.
216.
Literate inmates whose conduct is good should be given training in
impartingeducation to other inmates and they should assist the
educational personnel of theinstitution.
217.
The strength of educational personnel at each institution should be
fixed in accordance with its requirements.
218.
Social, moral and health education lectures should be organized.
219.
Each State and Union Territory should accept and adopt the basis
essentialelements of recreational and cultural activities for each
institution.
220.
The inspector General of Prisons of each State/ Union Territory
shouldformulate a plan for recreational and cultural activities for
each institution.
221.
Recreation should be properly designed and planned. It should also
beadequately guided and supervised.
222.
Recreation should be treated as incentive for good behaviour and
self-discipline.
223.
Appropriate recreational and cultural activities should be provided
in prisons.
224.
Each central and district prison and Kishore/Yuva Sadan should have a
16mm film projector.
225.
Library of good films should be developed at the headquarters
organization.
226.
Every prison and allied institution should have a proper library with
sufficientnumber of newspapers, periodicals and books.
227.
Every prison and allied institution should have annual sports meet.
Inter-institution and inter-state sports meets of inmates should also
be organized.
228.
Every prison and allied institution should have a committee for
recreational andcultural activities compromising carefully selected
inmates.
229.
The Department of Prisons and Correctional Services should maintain
closeliaison with the Department of Sports and committees for
recreational and culturalactivities at the district and state level.
230.
Continuity contacts of prisoners with their family members and the
communityshould be maintained.
231.
Various incentives of the prison system should be judiciously used to
promoteself-discipline and modification of behaviour of inmates.
232.
Techniques of casework, group work, individual and group guidance,
and counseling should be applied in prisons as measures of treatment
of offenders.
233.
Anti-social value schemes of offenders should be replaced by proper
habits andattitudes through individual guidance.
234.
Psychotherapy, which has been recognized as an effective measure for
treatment of prisoners suffering from mental disorders, should be
used in prisons.
235
Supportive therapy should be used as technique of treatment of
inmates.
236.
Prison personnel should present such models of behaviour in their
conductbefore the inmates as would be useful for the offenders to
inmate.
237.
The impact of treatment programmes should be regularly reviewed
throughindependent agencies. It should also be reviewed through
in-built mechanisms in theprison system (such as periodical review of
progress of inmates, re-classification of inmates, review sentences,
after-care, follow-up, etc.)
238.
Community participation in treatment programmes should be encouraged.
239.
A prisoners Welfare Fund should be set up in each State/ Union
Territory.
240.
Daily routine in prisons and allied institutions should be regulated
to provide for diversified treatment programmes. The locking-up time
may be shifted by two tothree hours after sunset.
CHAPTER
XI
WORK
PROGRAMMES AND VOCATIONAL TRAINING
241.
Prison work programmes and vocational training should be integrated
withnational economic policies and development plans.
242.
Certain specified objectives should form basic foundation for the
developmentof work programmes and vocational training in correctional
institutions.
243.
Undertrial prisoners who volunteer to work should be encouraged to
take upwork programmes and receive vocational training.
244.
Vocational training programmes in self-employing trades and
occupationsshould be organized in every central and district prison.
245.
Prison industries should be organized on business-cum-commercial
basis.
246.
While designing employment and production policies in prisons the
compositionof inmates coming from rural and urban areas should be
taken into considerationand a variety of opportunities of work and
vocational training should be created tocater for the heterogeneous
inmate population.
247.
Production units should be semi-mechanized and, where possible,
fullymechanized.
248.
Inmates should be given work experience in every section of a trade
industry.
249.
In the plan of re-organization of work programmes modernization
anddiversification of existing prison industries should receive due
priority.
250.
The possibility of introducing products according to market trends
should beexplored so that prison products may be able to reasonably
satisfy customersexpectations.
251.
Various products of prison industries should be standardized in terms
of specifications, patterns, designs, etc.
252.
Tools and equipment should be such as would facilitate production of
articles of good quality and should be standardized.
253.
In every institution there should be a separate and properly
organizedmaintenance workshop.
254.
Adequate funds should be provided for annual replacement of
equipment,accessories, spare parts etc.
255.
Technical supervision should be improved and a system of quality
controlshould be introduced at every stage of production.
256.
A policy for purchase of raw material, consumable articles, stores,
tools andequipment, etc., should be laid down.
257.
The accounts and stores organization should be modernized on
business-cum-commercial principles.
258.
Costing of prison products should be done on a rational basis taking
intoaccount the various limitations and handicaps of prison
management.
259.
Comprehensive and detailed statistics for each service unit and
production unit should be maintained on systematic basis.
260.
An autonomous board for work programmes and vocational training
vested withfull fiscal and administrative powers, should be set up at
the headquartersorganization of the Department of Prisons and
Correctional Services.
261.
At the prison level there should be a committee to implement the
policies andprogrammes as chalked out by the board.
262.
Qualified technical personnel should be appointed in adequate numbers
inevery production unit and for every programme of vocational
training.
263.
The executive and supervisory personnel should be given training in
modernmethods of management.
264.
Accounts branches should be constituted at the institutional,
regional andheadquarters level.
265.
Accounts of production units should be properly audited.
266.
Work programmes in an institution should be planned taking into
considerationvarious relevant factors.
267.
Based on plans of each institution a master plan should be prepared
for thewhole department.
268.
The requirements of government departments, semi-government
agencies,etc., in respect of prison products should be consolidated
in the office of the board.
269.
The targets of production for each unit for the ensuing year should
be fixed inadvance.270. Plans for employment and production in each
institution should be prepared for each quarter on the basis of
relevant factors.
271.
The chain of command, lines of authority and spans of staff control
should beclearly defined at the institutional, regional and board
level.
272.
Staff meetings and joint staff consultations for evaluating
manufacturingprocesses, personnel effectiveness, production targets,
time schedule, etc., shouldbe held regularly.
273.
The performance of technical, executive and supervisory personnel
functioning the fields of work programmes and vocational training at
every level should beevaluated on the basis of the performance of
individual staff member.
274.
Every State and Union Territory should have a clear policy for the
employmentof inmates and for production programmes.
275.
Tasks for each operation and sub-operation should be standardized
andspecified with reference to time schedule and the requirements of
manpower.
276.
Correct work sheet for each prisoner should be maintained by the
technicalpersonnel.
277.
(a)
There should be a complete ban on the use of inmate labour in the
officesor at the residential quarters of prison personnel.
(b)
The system of half task and two-third task should be discontinued
except inspecified cases.
278.
Every prisoner who starts giving prescribed task should be brought on
the wagesystem. Newly admitted prisoners should be given some token
remuneration tillthey start performing the prescribed task.
279.
Rationalized wage system should be introduced in prisons and
alliedinstitutions of every State/Union Territory.
280.
Hours of work for each group of prisoners should be prescribed in
accordancewith the programme content of each institution.
281.
The daily routine, time schedule, etc., should be worked out for each
institutionon the basis of the principles laid down in Chapter XXI of
the Model Prison Manual.
282.
Prisoners should not be made to work in the production units after
lock-up of the prisons
283.
Certain basic minimum facilities should be provided in work-sheds and
other places where prisoners work.
284.
Conditions of work in every factory, work-shed, etc., in every
institution shouldbe regularly inspected.
285.
The traditional conservative policy of minimum investment in prison
workprogrammes should be discarded and new realistic financial policy
in all these matters should be adopted by each State/Union Territory.
286.
The performance and economic aspects of each unit or work
programmesshould be got evaluated periodically by a committee
consisting of experts.
287.
Flow process charts should be introduced in every prison industry.
288.
Department of Prisons and Correctional Services should concentrate on
theproduction of articles and supply of services, which are readily
marketable.
289.
Sales should be promoted through establishment of show rooms
andparticipation in exhibitions.
290.
Training programmes should be designed and planned to suit the needs
of prisoners sentenced to short, medium and long terms of
imprisonment. They mayconsist of apprenticeship training, on-the-job
training and vocational training.
291.
Details of the duration of each training course, syllabus and
time-scheduleshould be worked out by the board.
292.
Adequate number of instructors should be appointed for organising
vocationaltraining programmes.
293.
Vocational training programmes should be developed in liaison with
theDepartment of Technical Education, etc., and the inmates
successfully undergoingtraining programme should be awarded regular
certificates by that Department.
294.
Adequate provision of finances should be made in the annual budget
for vocational training projects.
295.
The perspective master plan for the development of work programmes
andvocational training should be prepared by each State/ Union
Territory.
296.
Diversification of programmes of work and vocational training should
be done insuch a way that opportunities of work and training are
available to different groups of inmates at the institutional,
regional or State/ Union Territory level.
297.
Production units should be classified into
(i)
principal and
(ii)
ancillary andcottage industries. Agricultural farms should be
classified as large, medium andsmall size farms.
298.
Agricultural work programmes on agricultural farms should be
diversified.
299.
Diversification of prisons and classification of prisoners should be
planned andexecuted simultaneously with diversification of programmes
of work and vocationaltraining.
300.
Prisoners sentenced to medium and long terms of imprisonment should
begiven training in multiple skills.
301.
Background of inmates should be taken into consideration with
planning their employment on work programmes.
302.
Work camps and work centres should be developed in areas of
communityservices.
303.
Each State/ Union Territory should appoint a committee of experts for
the re-organization and development of programmes of work and
vocational training.
Agriculture
304.
Agriculture, other allied activities and agro-based industries should
be givenhigh priority in the planned development of work programmes
and vocational trainingin correctional institutions.
305.
A systematic survey of the agricultural land available with various
prisoninstitutions should be undertaken to plan its maximum
utilization.
306.
All farmlands should be examined in terms of soil analysis,
irritability, fertility,requirement of drainage, etc.
307.
Each new prison building should have farmland.
308.
Farms should be divided into suitable plots according to the cropping
schemesto be prepared well in advance.
309.
Project of land development should be undertaken on priority basis.
310.
All uncultivated government land in the vicinity of a prison
institution should beattached to the institution for agricultural
purposes.
311.
Land belonging to the prison development should not be surrendered
for theuse either of other government departments or of private
agencies.
312.
Institutional land should be properly fenced.
313.
A regular plan for maximum utilization of the existing irrigation
facilities and for providing additional facilities should be prepared
and implemented for each farm.
314.
Necessary buildings should be constructed on each farm.
315.
All necessary equipment and spare parts should be made available at
eachfarm.
316.
Pucca approach roads and pucca internal roads should be provided for
allfarms.
317.
A maintenance shop should be set up at each large farm.
318.
Transport facilities should be provided according to the actual
requirements of each farm.
319.
Petrol/ diesel depots should be provided at large farms.
320.
Requirements of labour at each farm should be met.
321.
The practice of putting prisoners working on farms in ankle ring and
fettersshould be discontinued forthwith.
322.
Inmates for open agricultural farms should be properly selected.
323.
Before the prisoners are transferred to open institutions, they
should be allowedto work for some time in semi-open institutions.
324.
Prisoners working on farms should be given adequate and proper wages.
325.
Adequate funds should be provided for the development of agriculture
andallied activities.
326.
Accounts of agriculture and allied activities should be separately
maintained.
327.
Requisite personnel should be provided at each agricultural unit and
their duties and responsibilities should be clearly laid down.
328.
Costing of agricultural and other produce should be done on
business-cum-commercial lines.
329.
The efficiency of each unit should be evaluated in terms of target
fixed.
330.
The inmate population of an agricultural farm should not exceed 200.
331.
Sites for open agricultural prisons should have all infrastructural
facilities.
332.
Dairies should be developed on open prison farms on commercial lines
under proper technical guidance.
333.
Dairies in closed prisons should be discontinued.
334.
Wherever possible poultries should be organized on open farms. They
shouldbe run on commercial lines under proper technical supervision.
335.
In Jail Training Schools and Regional Training Institutes, prison
personnelshould be imparted training in various aspects of
agriculture and other alliedactivities.
336.
Bio-gas plants, windmills, solar-cooking ranges etc., should be
introduced inopen institutions.
337.
Vocational training in agriculture and other allied activities should
be organizedon agricultural farms.
338.
The benefit of extension services for agriculture and allied
activities should beavailed of by the Department of Prisons and
Correctional Services.
CHAPTER
XII
UNDERTRIAL
AND OTHER UNCONVICTED PRISONERS
339.
A review of all the police lock-ups should be taken up in each State/
UnionTerritory and the living conditions in them should be improved.
340.
A Board of Visitors should be appointed in each district to visit
regularly allpolice lock-ups.
341.
Undertrial prisoners should be lodged in separate institutions away
from theconvicted prisoners.
342.
Institutions meant for lodging undertrial prisoners should be as
close to thecourts as possible and there should be proper arrangement
for the transportation of undertrial prisoners.
343.
The recommendation of the Law Commission with regard to speedy trials
and simplification of bail procedures made in its 77th and 78th
Reports should beaccepted and implemented. In addition, bail should
be granted to the accused as amatter of right unless proved by the
prosecution that his being at large mightendanger the security of the
society.
344.
The feasibility of launching bail hostels on the lines of those
sponsored andfinanced by Xenia Field Foundation (U.K.) should be
examined under Indianconditions.
345.
Release of accused persons on personal recognizance should be
encouraged.
346.
The provisions of section 167 of the Code of Criminal Procedure with
regard tothe time limit for the police investigation in case of
accused undertrial prisonersshould be strictly followed both by the
police and the courts.
347.
The classification of undertrial prisoners into class I, II and III
or A,B, and C onthe basis of their socio-economic status should be
abolished.
348.
The time spent by inmates in Jails, awaiting investigation and trial,
should beput to use or the benefit of both the prisoners and the
community.
349.
Rights of undertrial prisoners including facilities of access to
legal material,legal counsel and legal aid should be protected.
350.
All undertrial prisoners should be effectively produced before the
presidingmagistrates on the dates of hearing.
351.
Undertrial prisoners should be allowed to obtain cooked food from
their families.
352.
Those undertrial prisoners who do not have sufficient clothes should
besupplied clothes at government cost.
353.
There should be no restriction on the number of letters undertrial
prisoners maysend at their own cost. However, at government cot they
should be allowed to writetwo letters per week.
354.
There should be no restriction on the number of interviews sought by
undertrialprisoners for the sake of legal assistance. Interview with
family members and friendsshould, however, be restricted to two per
week.
355.
Undertrial prisoners should be allowed the facility of canteen
available to other prisoners in the prison.
356.
The daily routine of undertrial prisoners should include programmes
of diversified education and recreational activities.
357.
Habitual undertrial prisoners should be segregated from other
undertrialprisoners.
358.
The management and discipline of undertrial prisoners should be
theresponsibility of only the paid staff.
359.
(a)
An effective mechanism of review of the cases of undertrial
prisonersregularly both at the district level and the State level
should be evolved.
(b)
The Code of Criminal Procedure should be suitably amended to provide
thatas soon as an undertrial prisoner completes the period of
detention equal to half of the maximum sentence awardable to him on
conviction, he should be releasedimmediately and unconditionally.
360.
Broad guidelines about the arrest of persons, especially those
involved in minor violations of law, should be laid down.
361.
Non-criminal lunatics, persons needing protective custody and
children shouldnot be sent to prisons at all.
362.
Preventive sections of the Code of Criminal Procedure, especially
section 109,should be reviewed and amended suitably to restrict their
use only in very genuinecases.
363.
Persons detained under executive orders made under provisions of
speciallegislations should be kept away from convicted and undertrial
prisoners.
WOMEN
PRISONERS
364.
All police investigations involving women must, as far as
possible,out in thepresence of a relative of the accused or her
lawyer and of a lady staff members.Women should not be called to the
police station for investigation.
365.
Police personnel should treat women with due courtesy and dignity
while theyare in police custody.
366.
Women in police custody should invariably be under the charge of
women
police officials.
367.
Instructions of the Ministry of Home Affairs for the guidance of the
police on thesubject of handling women offenders should be followed.
368.
A separate place with proper toilet facilities should be provided on
courtpremises for women prisoners awaiting production before
presiding magistrates.
369.
Bail should be liberally granted to women undertrial prisoners, and
those notable to furnish surety may be released on personal
recognizance.
370.
The Probation of Offenders Act should be extensively used for the
benefit of women offenders.
371.
Women prisoners should be lodged in separate institutions/ annexes
meantexclusively for them.
372.
Enclosures for women in common prisons should be so renovated as to
ensurethat women prisoners do not come in view of male prisoners.
Their enclosuresshould have a proper double lock system.
373.
All prisons/ annexes for women must be staffed by women personnel
only.
374.
All general duties with regard to women offenders should be performed
bywomen staff only.
375.
Women guards should be arranged to look after women prisoners in
sub-jails.
376.
The staff posted at institutions for women should be properly trained
and their service conditions should be on par with those of the male
staff.
377.
A senior lady officer, if available at the headquarters or
organization, should bewith the job of looking after the problems of
women prisoners.
378.
Newly admitted women prisoners should be medically examined for
pregnancy.Pregnant women prisoners should be transferred to local
maternity hospital for purposes of delivery.
379.
While registering the birth of a child to a women prisoner, the place
of birthshould not be mentioned as prison, if such a birth takes
place there; instead thename of locality should be mentioned.
380.
Pregnant and nursing women prisoners should be prescribed special
diet and exempted from unsuitable types of work.
381.
There should be proper arrangement for the segregation of various
categoriesof women prisoners.
382.
Women needing protective custody should not be confined in prisons.
383.
There should be a separate ward for women in prison hospitals.
384.
Women prisoners should be permitted to retain their mangal sutra,
glass or plastic bangles, etc.
385.
Women prisoners should be given adequate and proper clothing and
facilitiesfor personal hygiene and personal maintenance according to
their custom.
386.
Adequate and proper work and treatment programmes should be organized
for women in prisons.
387.
Some self-contained units for groups of 8 to 10 women prisoners
should beconstructed to provide them a kind of family/ group living.
388.
Women prisoners should be given the facility of maintaining contacts
with their families through letters, visits from relatives and leave.
389.
Children (up to the age of 5 years) accompanying women prisoners may
beallowed to be kept with them in specially organized crches outside
the main prisonbuilding.
390.
Prisons and annexes for women offenders in common prisons should be
openfor frequent visits by lady visitors.
391.
Special consideration should be given to women prisoners in the
matter of premature release.
392.
Proper pre-release preparations in respect of women convicts should
be made.Avenues for the settlement of marriage after their release
may be explored. Onrelease, women prisoners should, as far as
possible, be escorted by women guardsin plain clothes.
393.
State Governments should encourage and support voluntary women
organizations in looking after women offenders.
394.
There should be a women non-official organization at the national
level to lookafter the interests of women prisoners. Such an
organization should be givenfinancial assistance by the Central
Government.
CHILDREN
IN PRISONS
395.
Children Act should be expeditiously enacted/enforced in every
district of eachState/ Union Territory.
396.
Necessary infrastructure required under the Children Act should be
immediatelyset up in every district.
397.
Cases of children kept in prisons should be brought before the
Children Courts.Children not involved .or those who have committed
delinquent acts of a minor nature should be placed under the care of
voluntary probation officers, etc.
398.
Persons actually working the field of social work or who voluntarily
offer to workin the field should be recognized as voluntary probation
officers, fit persons andapproved persons for the Children Acts. Good
educational institutions having hostelfacilities should be recognized
as approved institutions.
399.
Voluntary probation officers and voluntary organizations should be
paidhonorarium/ maintenance allowance for taking care of children.
400.
Government should exercise effective supervision on voluntary
organizationsand individuals.
401.
Voluntary organizations should be encouraged and given financial aid
to set upchildren institutions for such children as cannot be
released on probation or onlicense.
402.
The head of the department of child welfare should be the Chief
Authority under the Children Act.
403.
Prison superintendent should take a monthly review of children
confined inprison and send a report to the appropriate authorities
for necessary action.
404.
Ministry of Home Affairs and the Ministry of Social Welfare should
takenecessary action for ensuring removal of children from prisons in
various States andUnion Territories.
405.
Juvenile probation and non-institutional services for children should
be effectively organized.
406.
A child should be sent to children institution only as a last resort.
As far aspossible, he should be allowed to sty with the family.
407.
There should be a statutory ban on keeping boys below the age of 16
yearsand girl below the age of 18 years in police custody or in a
police lock-up.
408.
In every district there should be a separate wing in the police
organization to benamed as Juvenile Aid Bureau.
409.There
should be a statutory ban on committing children below the age of
16/18years to prisons either as undertrials or as convicted persons.
410.
The high courts should issue standing orders to all subordinate
courts thatunder no circumstances a child below 16/18 years should be
committed to policecustody or to judicial custody in prisons.
411.
If any court commits a child to the prison, the prison
superintendents should beauthorized to refuse his admission to the
prison.
412.
If any court insists on committing a child to a prison, the prison
superintendentshould immediately take all necessary steps for the
removal of the child from theprison.
413.
Each State and Union Territory should prepare master plan for setting
up anetwork of non-institutional services for children.
414.
Each State/ Union Territory should formulate a policy containing
guidelinesregarding handling of various problems relating to children
in need or children inconflict with law.
415.
It should be made a statutory responsibility of local bodies to set
up childwelfare services in their areas.
416.
Government of India should prepare a comprehensive Model Bill for
childrenembodying various aspects of child welfare services.
417.
The extent and quality of services in childrens institutions should
be improved.
418.
Necessary financial provision should be made for developing child
welfareservices.
419.
The National Children Fund should be utilised on a high priority
basis for developing services for the socially and economically
handicapped children, specially in such parts of the country where
these services have not yet beendeveloped.
420
A separate department of child welfare should be established in every
State/Union Territory.
421.
Children who have difficult behaviour pattern and who attain the age
of 16/18years, while in children institutions should, if necessary,
be sent to a Kishore/ YuvaSadan. Under no circumstances should they
be sent to a prison.
422.
Children, dependent on prisons, should preferably be kept with the
relatives or friends of such prisoners.
423.
A common platform of all organizations involved in the work of child
welfarecould be set up so that child welfare services could be
co-ordinated and developedin all parts of India.
424.
A committee should be set up at each district headquarters to oversee
allmatters relating to child welfare.
425.
A State level committee should be constituted to advise the
Government on allmatters pertaining to child welfare.
YOUNG
OFFENDERS
426.
The subject of treatment of young offenders should be included in
theConcurrent List of the Seventh Schedule of the Constitution.
427.
A new uniform legislation for young offenders should be enacted on
the linesof the Chapter Scheme given in Annexure IV-C attached on
Legislation.
428.
In case the subject of treatment of young offenders is not brought
under theConcurrent List, the Government of India should prepare a
model Bill on the linesrecommended in Chapter IV on Legislation for
being adopted by all the States andUnion Territories.
429.
A wing at the headquarters of the Department of Prisons and
CorrectionalServices under a senior officer of the rank of Additional
/Joint Director of Correctional Services should be created for
dealing with the problems of youngoffenders.
430.
Separate courts for young offenders should be established.
Pre-sentenceinvestigation reports of the probation officers should be
a statutory requirement for deciding the cases of young offenders.
431.
Pre-sentence investigation report should include all relevant
antecedents of the young offender and should also attempt a prognosis
for his resettlement in asocially useful way of life.
432.
Young offenders involved in minor violations should, instead of being
kept inpolice custody, be kept with their families/guardians/approved
voluntary agencies onthe undertaking that they will be produced
before the police as and when requiredfor investigation.
433.
Young offenders, involved in serious offences, while in police
custody shouldbe kept separate from adult criminals and the police
custody should be only for aminimum period required for
investigation.
434.
The investigation of cases of young offenders must be expeditiously
done.
435.
Bail should be liberally granted in case of young offenders.
436.
When it is not possible to release a young offender on bail, he
should be keptin a Reception Centre/ Kishore/ Yuva Sadan during the
tendency of his trial.
437.
In case it becomes necessary to keep young offenders in a sub-jail
duringinvestigation and trial, it should be ensured that they do not
come in contact withadult criminals there.
438.
Young offenders should be sent to institutions only as a last resort.
When ayoung offender is found guilty and is likely to be punished
with imprisonment notexceeding one year, the court should take
recourse to non-institutional measures.Suitable cases of young
offenders likely to be sentenced to periods above one year should
also, as far as possible, be processed through the
non-institutionalapproach.
439.
The existing Borstal schools and juvenile jails should be converted
into asystem of diversified Kishore/Yuva Sadans and Reception
Centres. Besides this,additional institutions (Kishore/ Yuva Sadans)
as worked out in Chapter V on PrisonBuildings may be set up. These
Kishore/ Yuva Sadans should be developed ascentres of scientific
study and correctional treatment for young offenders.
440.
There should be separate institutions for young offenders to be
calledReception Centres and Kishore/ Yuva Sadans.
441.
There should be separate institutions for girl young offender.
442.
Reception Centres should be organized at district or regional level
as per therequirements of each State/ Union Territory. The period of
detention in a Reception Centre should not normally exceed eight
weeks.
443.
Kishore/ Yuva Sadans should be properly diversified.
444.
In Kishore/ Yuva Sadans all basic operation for treatment and
rehabilitationof young offenders should be adopted.
445.
Initially all hopeful cases of young offenders offering good
prognosis may bekept in institutions recognized as approved Kishore/
Yuva Sadans or in semi-openKishore/ Yuva Sadans. Later on, on the
basis of their response to training andtreatment, suitable young
offenders should be transferred to open Kishore/ YuvaSadans.
Difficult, discipline and problem cases and escape risks should be
sent tospecial Kishore/ Yuva Sadans. In due course after observing
their response toinstitutional programmes, these young offenders may
be transferred to semi-openKishore/ Yuva Sadans and later to open
Kishore/ Yuva Sadans.
446.
Decisions about placement of young offenders in the diversified
Kishore/Yuva Sadans should be taken by the classification committee.
447.
Gradation in custody and contents of correctional programmes should
be thecriteria for versification of institutions into open, semi-open
and special Kishore/Yuva Sadans.
448.
Placement of young offenders under non-institutional treatment will
result inconsiderable economy. The savings so affected should be
fruitfully diverted for thedevelopment of non-institutional
programmes and other services for youngoffenders.
449.
Scientific classification should be adopted for young offenders. This
will helpin their individual treatment and training.
450.
At each institution there should be a Review Board.
451.
At the end of every six months the Review Board should examine the
case of every young offender and determine his suitability for
release on licence.
452.
Young offenders offering good prognosis may be kept in Kishore/
YuvaSadans till they attain the age of 25 years.
453.
Young offenders requiring institutionalization for more than 5 years
should becontinue in a Kishore/ Yuva Sadans through the review Of
these, deserving youngoffenders should be released on licence on
certain conditions. Only such youngoffenders as are intractable,
violent, criminal psychopaths, hardened or dangerous,should be
transferred to prisons.
454.
Specially selected and adequately trained personnel should be
madeavailable for implementing various programmes for young
offenders.
455.
Suitable and adequate staff should be provided at institution for
youngoffenders. In this connection reference to Chapter XXIV on
Development of PrisonPersonnel may be made.
456.
Adequate funds for all programmes connected with young offenders
shouldbe provided.
CHAPTER
XVI
PRISONERS
SENTENCED TO LIFE IMPRISONMENT
457.
Section 433 A of the Code of Criminal Procedure should be amended.
458.
The Code of Criminal Procedure should be amended to provide for a
pre-sentence study of offenders liable to be sentenced to
imprisonment of life. The judgeconcerned should make use of this
material while passing the sentence.
459.
On admission of a life convict in a prison a comprehensive, social
andpsychological study should be made for the purpose of designing a
suitablediversified programme of training and treatment for him.
460.
A life convict should be allotted work taking into account his
aptitude andpotentialities and should be imparted multiple skills.
461.
Life convicts coming from rural areas should be given training in
tradessuited to their needs.
462.
Special attention should be paid to diversified educational
programmes for life convicts.
463.
A classification committee of the prison should review the case of
every lifeconvict every three months.
464.
The planning and research unit at the headquarters of the Department
of Prisons and Correctional Services should undertake studies of the
pattern of murders committed by individual offenders and by socially
conditioned criminals.
465.
Broad guidelines for the Review Board/ Advisory Board/ Review
Committeeshould be laid down.
466.
The facilities of interviews, letters, and release on leave and
special leave should be liberalized in case of life convicts to
enable them to maintain contacts with their families and the
community.
467.
Life convicts who offer good prognosis should be transferred to
semi-openand open prisons.
468.
The scale of remission for life convicts in semi-open prisons should
beliberalized and they should be given the facility of staying with
their family membersin huts to be constructed on the premises of such
institutions.
469.
Provisions of Chapter XLII of the Model Prison Manual regarding life
convictshould be adopted by all the States/ Union Territories.
470.
Techniques of supportive therapy should be used to maintain interest
in lifeof a life convict who has to spend a long period in the
prison.
471.
Pre-release preparations and planning for after-care and follow-up
should bepaid special attention in case of life convicts.
472.
The advisory Committee should hold a separate meeting for reviewing
thecases of life convicts only and the final orders in such cases
should be passedexpeditiously.
CHAPTER
XVII
PRISONERS
SENTENCEDTO DEATH
473.
Section of 30 of the Prisons Act, 1804 should be replaced by
afreshlegislation providing for a more humane and dignified treatment
to prisoners under sentence of death.
474.
Immediately after admission, or soon after conviction of an
undertrial as thecase may be, the superintendent should explain to
the prisoner sentenced to deaththe rules regarding appeal and mercy
petitions. Those who require legal assistanceshould be extended
facilities available for free legal aid.
475.
Every State should have one or more specified jails where prisoners
under sentence of death should be confined. These jails should have
proper arrangementsfor the confinement of such prisoners and for
their execution.476. Security arrangements in the enclosure where
prisoners under sentence of death are kept should be on twenty-four
hour basis.
477.
Prisoners under sentence of death should be provided with the same
diet,clothing and bedding utensils, etc. as are given to other
prisoners.
478.
Prisoners under sentence of death should be encouraged to
employthemselves on some useful work, and should be provided with
suitable work, if theyso desire, in their own enclosures.
479.
Those who have some healthy hobby should be given facilities to
peruse itsubject to rules.
480.
They should be allowed to avail of recreational facilities available
in the jail.
481.
Those who are interested in education may be extended necessary
facilities.Books, newspapers and magazines should also be provided to
them.
482.
They should be allowed to follow their own religion and belief
subject to rulesand requirements of discipline, and to retain
religious and other books.
483.
They should be given liberal facilities for interviews with and
letters to andfrom relatives and legal counsels.
484.
Canteen facilities, as available to other prisoners, should also be
provided toprisoners under sentence of death.
485.
Special attention should be paid to their personal and domestic
problems.
486.
When the death sentence becomes finally executable the prisoner
shouldimmediately be transferred to a separate enclosure where
arrangements should bemade to keep him in a cell under constant
watch. During the day he may be allowedto associate with other such
prisoners.
487.
Before execution arrangements should be made for the prisoner to meet
hisnear and dear ones even at State cost, if necessary.
488.
Provisions of paragraphs 10 to 20 Chapter XLVI of the Model Prison
Manualshould be incorporated in the State Jail Manuals.
CHAPTER
XVIII
SUB-JAILS
489.
A sub-jail should be located at each place where a criminal court
functions.
490.
A daily average number of 10 inmates/ undertrial prisoners detained
duringthe one year should justify the construction of a new sub-jail
at an administrative unitwhere a criminal court functions.
491.
The necessity of construction of new sub-jails should not be brushed
asideonly for financial consideration.
492.
Sub-jails should not be linked up with police or excise lock-ups.
493.
Persons in police custody should not be kept in sub-jails.
494.
Sub-jail housed in improvised insecure buildings should be abolished.
495.
All new sub-jail buildings should have living barracks and
dormitories at areasonable distance from the main wall.
496.
Each sub-jail building should have a separate annex for women
prisoners.
497.
There should be two types of sub-jail :
(I)
Class-II sub-jails for an averagedaily population up to 50 inmates
and
(ii)
Class-I sub-jails for an average dailypopulation exceeding 50 but up
to 100 inmates.
498.
a time-bound programme for the construction of new sub-jail buildings
shouldbe drawn up and implemented by each State Government / Union
TerritoryAdministration.
499.
All sub-jails should immediately be brought under the administrative
controlof the respective Inspector General of Prisons and only an
officer of the PrisonDepartment should be appointed as officer-in
charge of the sub jail.
500.
Sub-jails should be adequately and properly staffed.
501.
Guarding of sub-jails should be done exclusively by prison staff.
502.
Whenever women prisoners are admitted in a sub-jail, arrangements for
appointing women guards on purely temporary basis should be made.
503.
Sub-jails should have suitable residential accommodation for all the
staff members posted there with an independent guardroom attached to
the sub-jailbuilding.
504.
Living conditions in sub-jails should be compatible with human
dignity andshould be in accordance with the recommendations made in
Chapter VI on LivingConditions in Prisons.
505.
Stand-by reserve stock of bedding and serving utensils should be kept
insub-jails.
506.
An effective system of regular/periodic disposal of unserviceable
articlesshould be evolved and strictly followed.
507.
A regular stock of clothing should be kept both for men and women for
issuing them to needy inmates.
508.
Vehicles should be provided /arranged for transportation of prisoners
to andfrom sub-jails.
509.
The system of supplying cooked food to prisoners in sub-jails on
contractbasis should be discontinued and proper cooking facilities
should be provided to theprisoners as per scales prescribed in the
jails manuals.
510.
The scale of diet for inmates of sub-jails should be the same as that
of district or central prisons.
511.
Proper medical facilities should be provided at each sub-jail.
512.
Proper employment on work programmes and recreational facilities
shouldbe provided to prisoners at sub-jails.
513.
Arrangements should be made for imparting adult
education/non-formaleducation on a regular basis to inmates of
sub-jails.
514.
A visiting Committee should be constituted by the District Magistrate
for eachsub-jail under his jurisdiction.
515.
The District Magistrate should constitute a committee to review the
positionof undertrial prisoners in each sub-jail under his
jurisdiction. The Inspector Generalof Prisons should review the
situation of undertrials in sub-jails with State HomeSecretary once
in every three months.
516.
State prison rules should be made applicable to sub-jails in all
respects.
517.
Habitual offenders should not be lodged in sub-jails.
518.
Provisions in State jail manuals permitting handcuffing or lettering
of inmateslodged in sub-jails should be re-examined.
519.
Sub-jails should be regularly inspected by the Inspector General of
Prisonsand the Deputy Inspector General of Prisons.
520.
Accounts and the record of release of inmates should be annually
audited.
CHAPTER
XIX
OPEN
INSTITUTIONS
521.
Open camp movement should b developed as a positive measure of
correctional treatment.
522.
The scope and purpose of open institutions should be clearly defined
in thestatute.
523.
There should be 3 types of open institutions namely, semi-open, open
andSanganer type open institutions.
524.
Conditions of eligibility of prisoners for admission to open
institutions shouldbe liberalized.
525.
The inmate capacity of existing open institutions should be fully
utilized.
526.
Open institutions in any State should be able to accommodate at least
20 per cent of prisoners sentenced to one year and above.
527.
All additional institutions for accommodation any future increase in
convictpopulation should be open type.
528.
Open camps (Sanganer type) should be developed in each State/
UnionTerritory as the stage in the open camp movement.
529.
Land attached to closed prisons should be converted into semi-open or
openinstitutions.
530.
Open camps, mobile and permanent, should be set up at public projects
toprovide employment to prisoners sentenced to less than one year.
Ticket lesstraveler should be employment on railway projects in camps
to be financed by theRailways.
531.
Diversified work programmes including those relating to agriculture
andindustry should be provided at open institutions.
532.
Day release system should be introduced as a measure of semi-open
facilityfor suitable inmates confined in prisons.
533.
The system of wages in open institutions should be rationalized.
534.
All work programmes including agriculture in open institutions should
becarried out by prisoners themselves under the supervision and
management of theprison department.
535.
The inmates in open institutions should be granted liberal facilities
for functional literacy, recreation, cultural activities, community
participation, visit toneighbouring towns for marketing and
recreational purposes, continued contactswith family, remission
sentences, leave and premature release.
536.
Family reunion of short duration should be allowed to inmates of
openinstitutions by allowing them to stay with their families in huts
to be constructed onthe premises of such institutions.
537.
Before being transferred to an open institution prisoners should be
orientedabout the requirements and responsibilities of living in such
an institution.
538.
Prison offences and punishments for inmates in open institutions
should beseparately defined. Inmates not abiding by the rules of the
open institution should besent back to closed prison.
539.
The maximum inmate capacity of an open institution should be 200.
540.
The staff posted at open institutions should be carefully selected,
trained andoriented to correctional philosophy.
541.
The working conditions of the staff at open institutions should be
improved.
542.
Model rules laying down minimum standards for open institutions
should beframed.
CHAPTER
XX
SYSTEM
OF REMISSION, LEAVE AND PREMATURE RELEASE
Remission
system
543.
The rules of eligibility in respect of various categories of
convicted prisonersfor earning ordinary and special remission should
be reviewed and rationalized.
544.
The Government of India should lay down uniform guidelines to be
followedby State Government/ Union Territory Administrations for
grant of State remission.
545.
The practice of granting remission on occasions or for reasons not
justifiableshould be immediately stopped.
546.
At the institutional level, a committee should be formed to consider
grantremission. It should also recommended grant of special remission
by the Inspector General of Prisons.
547.
Grant of remission should be properly recorded and authenticated.
548.
Prisoners with substantive sentences of 2 months and above up to 5
yearsshould be sanctioned remission each month while those sentenced
to over 5 years(including life convicts) should be granted remission
once in a quarter.
549.
Ordinary remission should be calculated for full calendar months. It
shouldnot be granted for fraction of a calendar month.
550.
For purposes of special remission any fraction of a year should be
countedas one complete year.
551.
Maximum limit of remission, which a prisoner can earn, should be half
of thesubstantive sentence awarded to him.
552.
Grant of remission to prisoners sentenced by Court Martial should be
on thesame principles as those applicable to other prisoners.
Leave
553.
To bring about uniformity in terminology for prisoners temporary
release fromprisons, there should be two types of leave:
(i)
Leave, and
(ii)
Special leave.
554.
Rules of eligibility of convicted prisoners for being released on
leave andspecial leave should be reviewed, rationalized and
liberalized.
555.
Inspector General of Prisons should be the authority competent for
grant of release on leave or special leave. However, special leave
may be granted by thesuperintendent of the prison concerned in the
event of an emergent situation.
556.
The period spent on leave should count as sentence served, while that
spenton special leave should be treated as sentence suspended.
557.
Rules regarding surety for release on leave or special leave should
beliberalized.
558.
The reasons for grant of leave and special leave should be reviewed
andliberalized.
559.
Record of release of prisoners on leave and special leave should
beproperly kept.
Premature
release
560.
Rules for eligibility of convicted prisoners for consideration of
prematurerelease should be reviewed and rationalized.
561.
The case of each prisoner eligible for review and premature release
shouldinitially be examined by the institutional classification
committee before beingforwarded to the Review Board.
562.
Review Boards should be constituted in each State/ Union Territory
for consideration of premature release.
563.
The case of every prisoner which isfor review should be decided
within amaximum period of six months from the date of eligibility.
564.
Each State/ Union Territory should formulate a set of guidelines to
be uniformly applied to govern the working of Review Board.565.
Section 433 A of the Code of Criminal Procedure should be
suitablyamended.566. The management of record relating to review of
sentences and prematurerelease should be streamlined.
CHAPTER
XXI
COMMUNITY
INVOLVEMENT IN CORRECTIONS
567.
Public participation in prevention of crime and treatment of
offenders must bemade a part of our National Policy on Prisons.
568.
An intensive public education drive should be taken up to make the
societyaware of the role it can play in the prevention of crime and
treatment of offenders.
569.
At the national level, the National Commission on Prisons should
locate andenroll individuals and community groups volunteering to
serve in the correctionalfield.
570.
A committee should be constituted in each State/ Union Territory to
identifyand enroll voluntary workers and agencies at the state,
district and sub-divisionallevels.
571.
Selection of volunteers should be done very carefully and cautiously.
572.
The government should give due patronage, financial assistance
andrecognition to voluntary agencies and individual working in
correctional field.
573.
Voluntary workers should be properly trained and given
statutoryauthorisation for working the correctional field. They
should be given all possiblehelp and advice at all levels.
574.
Special voluntary social service institutions should be helped to
come up for the protection and welfare of children and youth.
575.
Voluntary services in the treatment after-care and rehabilitation of
offendersshould be organized on a system and modalities for the
utilisation of voluntaryservices should be specified; they should be
further developed through interaction of voluntary workers with the
department of Prisons and Correctional Services.
576.
The Inspector General of Prisons and Director of Correctional
servicesshould be empowered to de recognize and delist voluntary
organizations or individuals and discontinue their involvement in
correctional programmes, wherever grounds for such action exist.
AFTER-CARE,
REHABILITATION AND FOLLOW-UP
577.
After-care prisoners discharged from prisons and allied institutions
should bethe statutory function of the Department of Prisons and
Correctional Services.
578.
(a)
There should be a properly staffed After-care and Follow-up Unit
theheadquarters organization of the Department of Prisons and
Correctional Services ineach State/ Union Territory.
(b)
welfare officers should be in charge of after-care and follow-up
work, in largestates, Regional Probation Officers should be appointed
to supervise and co-ordinate the work of probation officers in the
districts.
(c)
At the institutional level this work should be done by officers in
charge of prisoners welfare in close liaison with the classification
committee.
579.
The after-care and Follow-up Unit should evolve an objective method
of assessing Post-release needs of inmates.
580.
There should be at least one voluntary organization in each district
to whichthe work of extending help to released prisoners could be
entrusted.
581.
At the institutional level the classification committee should
formulate pre-release plans and should provide the After-care and
Follow-up Unit at theheadquarters with all necessary data projecting
the post-release needs of inmates.
582.
Close liaison with prospective employers should be established for
theemployment of released prisoners.
583.
Self-employment work programmes should be devised for prisoners,
whichthey can independently pursue after their release. Necessary
arrangements for adequate Finances from various sources should be
made before the prisoner isactually released.
584.
Officer in-charge of welfare of prisoners should, as a pre-release
preparation,chalk out, indefinite terms, the rehabilitative programme
that the inmate has to followon release.
585.
After-care services should include all kinds of help, which could
result inproper re adjustment of the released prisoners in the
society.
586.
After-care Homes should be established to meet the immediate needs of
released prisoners.
587.
Registration on employment of ex-prisoners in government service or
publicsector undertaking should be record by suitable amendment of
the rules.
588.
Small Scale Industries Departments of State Governments / Union
TerritoryAdministrations should formulate schemes of small production
units which could berun by ex-prisoners on co-operative basis. These
units could be financed by StateFinance Corporation, Co-operative and
other Bank under their innovative bankingschemes.
589.
State Tenancy Acts should be suitably amended to project. rights of
prisoners in agricultural land.
590.
Women prisoners willing to get married after their release should
berendered all necessary help in settling them in matrimony.
591.
The Department of Prisons and Correctional Services in collaboration
withthe State Department of Information and Publicity should make
proper use of massmedia to educate public about the need for
rehabilitation of ex-prisoners in society.
592.
Government should encourage formation of voluntary organizations for
taking up programmes for the help of released prisoners and should
give themnecessary financial and other help. Services of voluntary
workers in the field shouldbe appropriately recognized.
ORGANIZATIONAL
STRUCTURE
593.
There should be separate Department of Prisons and
CorrectionalAdministration in the secretariats of the States. At the
Centre, the set-up dealingwith prisons in the Ministry of Home
Affairs should also be upgraded to the status of a Department. Senior
officers having experience of correctional administrationshould be
posted in the secretariat.
594.
The prison department in each State / Union Territory should be
responsiblefor institutional training and treatment, probation and
after-care of both the adult andthe young offenders. This integrated
department should be called the Department of Prisons and
Correctional Services, and the head of this department should
bedesignated as the Inspector General of Prisons and Director of
Correctional Services.
595.
The Department of Prisons and Correctional Services in all State/
UnionTerritories should invariably be headed by an officer from this
department.
596.
The Inspector General of Prisons and Director of Correctional
Servicesshould, at his headquarters, be assisted by senior officers
in various aspects of prison administration.
597.
A regional set-up should be established in each large State.
598.
Each Prison and allied institution should have adequate personnel
inaccordance with its requirements and the special norms.
599.
Each district should have a district prison with a whole-time
superintendent.
600.
Adequate number of probation officers of various categories should
beappointed to look after probation and after-care work in the field.
601.
All posts in the Department of Prisons and Correctional Services
exceptwhere specialized services are required should be manned by
persons belonging tothe department.
CHAPTER
XXIV
DEVELOPMENT
OF PRISON PERSONNEL
602.
(a)
There should be an in-built mechanism in the prison department for
continuous and systematic study of the manpower needs.
(b)
Direct entry into various wings of the prison service should be at
appropriatelevels.
603.
Conditions of recruitment and promotion should be so fixed as to
ensure thatpersons with requisite qualifications, experience and
professional competence areavailable in the prison service at all
levels.
604.
Every direct recruit in the service should have opportunities of at
least threepromotions during the span of his career.
605.
Physical fitness and psychological tests should be essential
pre-requisites for direct recruitment.
606.
Officers and staff for specialised services in the prison department
should betaken on deputation from respective departments of the State
Governments. Theyshould be given proper incentives.
607.
Ministerial staff should be borne on the strength of the prison
department.The executive staff should in no case be put on
ministerial work.
608.
An all India service to be called the Indian Prisons and Director of
Correctional Service should be constituted.
609.
Prison personnel should be paid salaries and allowances at par with
those of equivalent ranks in the police department.
610.
Uniform including badges should be prescribed for all security and
executivestaff in the prison department.
611.
Three-shift system of duties should be introduced in prisons.
612.
Every member of the staff should be allowed a day off once a week.
613.
Adequate leave reserve staff should be provided.
614.
The system of convict officers discharging supervisory and
disciplinary dutiesshould be abolished in a phased manner.
615.
Residential quarters should be provided to all members of the staff.
616.
Prison staff, which is entitled to rent-free accommodation but is not
providedwith such accommodation should be paid 10 per cent extra
house-rent allowanceallowed to government employees in general.
617.
Certain facilities as provided in Chapter XI of the Model Prison
Manualshould be extended to prison personnel.
618.
The Government of India should institute medals for rewarding
prisonpersonnel. State Governments/ Union Territory Administrations
should suitablyrecognise special services rendered by prison
personnel.
619.
All good work done by prison personnel should be given proper
publicity.
620.
Prison personnel meeting with serious injuries, accidents, etc.,
while on duty,should given financial assistance.
621.
In case of death of prison personnel in lawful discharge of his
duties, a lumpsum of Rs. 20,000 should be paid to the survivors in
his family.
622.
A welfare fund for prison and correctional personnel should be
established ineach State/ Union Territory.
623.
Proper forum should be provided at the institutional and State levels
for prison personnel to ventilate grievances.
624.
Staff meetings and conferences should be regularly held.
625.
All new recruits should be given basic initial in-service training.
Officers andstaff on deputation should be given a short orientation
course.
626.
Adequate training reserve should be provided in each cadre of the
service.
627.
Training of staff should be taken at three different levels: state
level, regionallevel and national level.
628.
Qualified persons with aptitude for training and teaching should be
posted atthese institutions.
629.
Directors of Regional Training Institutions should be from the
Prisons andCorrectional Service and should be of the rank of
Inspector General of Prisons.Principals of State level training
schools should be of the rank superintendents of Central prison.
630.
Permanent academic staff of the training institutions and experts
invited,should be properly informed of the training requirements.
631.
Details of syllabi, etc. should be properly evolved and reviewed once
everythree years.
632.
Proper literature should be prepared for meeting the training needs
of various categories of prison personnel.
633.
Basic initial training, in-service training, refresher courses and
specialtraining courses should be organized by the training
institutions for variouscategories of personnel.
634.
The Inspector General of Prisons and Director of Correctional
Servicesshould prepare a panel of officers for attending conferences
and special training courses in the country and abroad.
635.
Study teams of senior officers should be deputed to visit prison
institutions invarious States in the country as also those in other
countries.
636.
The Central Government, the State Governments and the Union
TerritoryAdministrations should encourage setting up of a
professional non-official registeredbody at the national level with
its branches in all the States and Union Territories andshould
provide necessary financial and other assistance to them for their
proper functioning.
PLANNING
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
637.
The new legislation should clearly define the general objectives of
correctional system in the country.
638.
Each State Government/ Union Territory Administration should lay
downspecific objectives and goals not only for the department but
also for individualinstitutions.
639.
Organizational and institutional goals should be reviewed at least
once ayear.
640.
The National Commission on Prisons should be functionally linked with
Statecorrectional organizations to review the achievement of goals
and objectives, etc.,and to plan their future organizational,
personnel and functional structure inconsultation with them.
641.
There should be an appropriately manned unit for planning and
research atthe headquarters of the Department of Prisons and
Correctional Services of eachState and Union Territory.
642.
Each State/ Union Territory should develop an integrated process of
long-term and short-term planning and prepare plans for
administrative and operationalfunctioning. The National Commission on
Prisons should coordinate these plans andmonitor their progress so as
to have an all India perspective of the development of prisons.
643.
The National Commission on Prisons should work out and finance some
pilotprojects to serve as demonstration projects for the development
of prisonadministration.
644.
Research in the correctional field should be problem oriented and
practical. Cooperation of outside agencies should also be sought in
this work.
645.
There should be a systematic collection of statistical data on
uniform patternthroughout the country. The national Commission on
Prisons should publish anannual statistical report on corrections.
646.
A scientific method of keeping and weeding of record in prison
departmentshould be evolved.
Prisons
and national plans
647.
Programmes for reformation and rehabilitation of offenders should
find aplace in our national plans.
648.
Funds for renovation of old buildings and construction of new
buildingsshould be made available to the State Governments by the
Central Governmentunder plan.
649.
Sufficient outlays should be earmarked under plan by the
CentralGovernment for initiating certain centrally sponsored schemes
for the welfare of prisoners.
650.
Training of personnel should find place under the plan sector.
651.
Central financial assistance in the form of matching grants or
long-term loansshould be extended to the State Governments for
modernization or themechanization of prison industry and agriculture.
652.
Other programmes for the development of prisons and reformation of
prisoners should be included in the State plan.
653.
Under the pretext of economy, cuts should not be effected in the
non-planbudget of the prison departments.
CHAPTER
XXVI
NATIONAL
COMMISSION ON PRISONS
654.
Government of India should immediately set up a National Commission
onPrisons.
655.
The objectives and functions of the National Commission on Prisons
should
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